Preheat the Oven: Heat your oven to 350°F so it’s ready for the croutons.
Make the Garlic-Anchovy Paste: On a cutting board, finely chop the anchovies, garlic, and salt. Use the flat side of your knife to mash everything into a smooth paste. Scrape it into a medium bowl.
6 anchovy fillets in oil, 2 garlic cloves, ½ teaspoon kosher salt
Build the Dressing Base: Add the egg yolks, Dijon mustard, red wine vinegar, and black pepper to the bowl. Whisk until smooth and slightly thick.
2 egg yolks, 1 tablespoon Dijon mustard, 4 teaspoons red wine vinegar, 1 tablespoon freshly ground black pepper
Emulsify the Oils: While whisking constantly, slowly drizzle in the olive oil until incorporated, then very slowly whisk in the vegetable oil until the dressing turns thick and glossy.
2 tablespoons olive oil, ⅓ cup vegetable oil
Finish the Dressing: Whisk in the Parmesan cheese. If the dressing is too thick, whisk in 1 to 3 tablespoons water until smooth and pourable. Taste and adjust with more salt and pepper if needed, then whisk in the lemon juice.
3 tablespoons finely grated Parmesan cheese, 1 to 3 tablespoons water, 2 tablespoons lemon juice
Make the Croutons: Toss the bread pieces with melted butter. Spread them on a baking sheet and bake for 10 to 15 minutes, stirring once, until golden and crunchy.
6 slices bread, ¼ cup melted butter
Dress the Lettuce: Place the romaine hearts in a large bowl. Add the dressing a spoonful at a time, gently tossing with your hands until lightly coated.
1 pound romaine lettuce hearts
Assemble the Salad: Arrange the dressed lettuce on a large flat plate. Scatter the croutons over the top, stacking and layering into a big, messy Caesar.
Finish and Serve: Cover with more grated Parmesan and a little extra black pepper. Serve immediately while crunchy and bold.